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Which protocol is primarily used to prevent Layer 2 loops in Ethernet networks?
a. RIPv2
b. STP
c. OSPF
d. EIGRP
Answer: b. STPinfo.huawei+2
In STP, what frame type is exchanged between switches to maintain a loop-free topology?
a. UDP
b. BPDU
c. ICMP
d. ARP
Answer: b. BPDUjuniper+2
What is the main purpose of the Spanning Tree Protocol?
a. Block unauthorized access
b. Create loop-free switched network topology
c. Filter IP traffic
d. Encrypt VLAN data
Answer: b. Create loop-free switched network topologycbtnuggets+2
What does BPDU stand for?
a. Bridge Protocol Data Unit
b. Binary Port Design Utility
c. Blocked Path Detection Unit
d. Basic Port Delivery Utility
Answer: a. Bridge Protocol Data Unitnetworkjourney+2
What role does the Root Bridge play in STP?
a. Monitors firewall traffic
b. Acts as the central reference for all path calculations
c. Filters BPDUs
d. Creates VLAN segments
Answer: b. Acts as the central reference for all path calculationslibrary.mosse-institute+2
Which STP feature helps host ports immediately forward traffic without waiting for STP states?
a. Root Guard
b. PortFast
c. Loop Guard
d. BPDU Filter
Answer: b. PortFaststudy-ccna+1
Why should PortFast be used only on edge (access) ports?
a. It disables all STP functions
b. It can create loops if used on trunk links
c. It increases firewall latency
d. It blocks VLAN communication
Answer: b. It can create loops if used on trunk linkscisco+1
What does BPDU Guard do when it detects BPDU messages on a PortFast-enabled port?
a. Ignores them
b. Shuts down the port
c. Logs the event only
d. Sends alert to admin without action
Answer: b. Shuts down the portnetworkjourney+1
What happens when Loop Guard detects that BPDUs stop arriving on a non-designated port?
a. Port moves to forwarding
b. Port stays in loop-inconsistent state
c. Port drops packets silently
d. Loop Guard resets the switch
Answer: b. Port stays in loop-inconsistent stateinfo.huawei+2
Which of the following is a Cisco-specific enhancement for loop prevention?
a. OSPF Guard
b. STP Loop Guard
c. Route Filter
d. ICMP Hold Timer
Answer: b. STP Loop Guardstudy-ccna+1
What is the main problem caused by Layer 2 loops?
a. Broadcast storms
b. Encryption errors
c. IP conflicts
d. VLAN tagging mismatch
Answer: a. Broadcast stormscisco+1
What is the result of broadcast storms in a looped network?
a. Spanning-tree recalculations
b. Device overheating
c. Network congestion and collapse
d. Faster routing convergence
Answer: c. Network congestion and collapsecatchpoint+1
What is used by STP to block redundant links?
a. Firewall filters
b. STP timers
c. Port blocking state
d. SNMP configuration
Answer: c. Port blocking statejuniper+1
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) improves STP by:
a. Preventing VLAN segmentation
b. Reducing convergence time
c. Blocking BPDU frames
d. Allowing more redundant paths
Answer: b. Reducing convergence timeinfo.huawei+1
Which STP variant supports multiple instances across VLANs?
a. MSTP
b. PVST
c. RSTP
d. VTP
Answer: a. MSTPjuniper+1
What does Root Guard do?
a. Prevents non-root switches from becoming root due to rogue BPDUs
b. Blocks BPDU detection
c. Accelerates switch booting
d. Encrypts spanning tree traffic
Answer: a. Prevents non-root switches from becoming root due to rogue BPDUsnetworkjourney+1
How does VLAN segmentation assist in loop prevention?
a. Increases switch load
b. Confines loops within VLAN boundaries
c. Ignores BPDUs
d. Uses routing loops instead
Answer: b. Confines loops within VLAN boundariesnetmaker+1
Which STP port role forwards user data and BPDUs?
a. Blocked port
b. Root port
c. Alternate port
d. Discarding port
Answer: b. Root portinfo.huawei+1
In loop protection, what happens when congestion stops BPDU receipt?
a. The port stays blocking instead of forwarding
b. Switch restarts
c. The interface resets VLANs
d. Topology is deleted
Answer: a. The port stays blocking instead of forwardingjuniper+1
What causes unidirectional link failures to trigger loops?
a. Device overheating
b. Missing BPDU reception
c. IP conflicts
d. VLAN mismatch
Answer: b. Missing BPDU receptioncisco+1
What feature prevents STP from recalculating topology unnecessarily?
a. Loop Guard
b. Root Guard
c. PortFast
d. BPDU Filter
Answer: d. BPDU Filterstudy-ccna+1
Why are redundant paths necessary despite loop prevention mechanisms?
a. For fault tolerance
b. To bypass STP
c. To increase bandwidth usage
d. To delay convergence
Answer: a. For fault tolerancelibrary.mosse-institute+1
What state does a blocked port in STP hold?
a. Listening
b. Discarding
c. Forwarding
d. Reset
Answer: b. Discardinginfo.huawei+1
What is the effect of disabling STP entirely?
a. Increases redundancy safely
b. Leads to Layer 2 broadcast loops
c. Improves convergence speed
d. Blocks all VLAN traffic
Answer: b. Leads to Layer 2 broadcast loopscbtnuggets+1
Cisco ACI achieves loop-free operation through which principle?
a. Routed fabric architecture
b. Disabled all BPDUs
c. Static VLAN locking
d. MAC address filtering
Answer: a. Routed fabric architectureyoutube
What protocol enhances discovery and detection for loops in Cisco ACI?
a. LLDP and MCP
b. DHCP snooping
c. QoS marking
d. ICMP Redirect
Answer: a. LLDP and MCPyoutube
Which command verifies STP topology changes on Cisco devices?
a. show spanning-tree
b. show mac address-table
c. show ip route
d. show vlan
Answer: a. show spanning-treecisco
What primarily triggers broadcast storms?
a. Unchecked packet reflection
b. Misconfigured VLANs
c. Routing table updates
d. CPU overload
Answer: a. Unchecked packet reflectioncisco
Which state in RSTP replaces the STP Learning state?
a. Discarding
b. Forwarding
c. Idle
d. Reset
Answer: a. Discardingjuniper
What device layer usually experiences loop issues?
a. Layer 1
b. Layer 2
c. Layer 3
d. Layer 4
Answer: b. Layer 2cbtnuggets+1
Which STP enhancement keeps blocked ports from erratically transitioning?
a. Loop Guard
b. PortFast
c. Root Guard
d. QoS Policy
Answer: a. Loop Guardnetworkjourney+1
Default BPDU transmission interval in STP is:
a. 2 seconds
b. 10 seconds
c. 20 seconds
d. 5 seconds
Answer: a. 2 secondsinfo.huawei+1
Which switch mode determines the top-most device in the spanning tree?
a. Root Bridge
b. Distribution switch
c. Access switch
d. Edge router
Answer: a. Root Bridgecatchpoint+1
What timer defines BPDU lifespan?
a. Hello timer
b. Max age timer
c. Hold timer
d. Forward delay timer
Answer: b. Max age timerjuniper+1
Which STP variant provides backward compatibility with legacy STP?
a. RSTP
b. MSTP
c. Per-VLAN STP
d. VXLAN
Answer: a. RSTPinfo.huawei+1
Loop inconsistencies are most often caused by:
a. BPDU loss due to link failure
b. VLAN misnumbering
c. DNS errors
d. IP duplication
Answer: a. BPDU loss due to link failurejuniper+1
Which of the following can alert administrators of loops without shutdowns?
a. Loop protection alarm
b. BPDU shutdown
c. Root Guard
d. VLAN pruning
Answer: a. Loop protection alarmjuniper
What does MSTP stand for?
a. Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
b. Managed Switch Topology Process
c. Main Switch Transition Protocol
d. Multi-State Transport Protocol
Answer: a. Multiple Spanning Tree Protocolinfo.huawei+1
Which layer uses MAC addresses, making loops possible?
a. Network layer
b. Data Link layer
c. Transport layer
d. Application layer
Answer: b. Data Link layercbtnuggets+1
What is the default 802.1D STP priority value?
a. 4096
b. 32768
c. 65535
d. 100
Answer: b. 32768info.huawei+1
What BPDU type identifies the Root Bridge in STP?
a. Configuration BPDU
b. Topology Change Notification
c. Acknowledgment frame
d. Discovery BPDU
Answer: a. Configuration BPDUjuniper
What causes topology changes in STP?
a. Link failure or device reboot
b. VLAN creation
c. ARP flooding
d. CPU logging events
Answer: a. Link failure or device rebootinfo.huawei+1
What effect does enabling Root Guard on all ports have?
a. Prevents unauthorized root bridge elections
b. Eliminates redundant links
c. Stops VLAN assignment
d. Overwrites port security
Answer: a. Prevents unauthorized root bridge electionsstudy-ccna+1
BPDU filtering is most safely used on:
a. Access ports
b. Trunk ports
c. Core ports
d. WAN interfaces
Answer: a. Access portsnetworkjourney+1
What state is entered when Loop Guard detects missing BPDUs?
a. Loop-inconsistent
b. Blocking
c. Forwarding
d. Listening
Answer: a. Loop-inconsistentjuniper+1
What feature complements Loop Guard for STP protection?
a. BPDU Guard
b. DHCP Snooping
c. OSPF Overview
d. IPv6 ND
Answer: a. BPDU Guardstudy-ccna+1
What is a common cause of spanning-tree loops in real-world setups?
a. Improper cabling
b. Unidirectional fiber link
c. Firewall rule errors
d. DNS misconfiguration
Answer: b. Unidirectional fiber linkcisco+1
Which Cisco tool detects loops through topology analysis?
a. CDP
b. SNMP
c. LLDP
d. NetFlow
Answer: a. CDPcisco
Which 802.1 standard defines the classic Spanning Tree Protocol?
a. 802.1D
b. 802.1Q
c. 802.3af
d. 802.11ac
Answer: a. 802.1Dinfo.huawei+1
What best describes loop prevention in cybersecurity contexts?
a. Ensuring Layer 2 redundancy without broadcast storms
b. Using dual routing tables
c. Securing VLAN firewalls
d. Encrypting BPDUs
Answer: a. Ensuring Layer 2 redundancy without broadcast stormslibrary.mosse-institute+2

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