MCQs

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Overall MCQs for Reference

Which type of data structure is a Heap?
a. Linear
b. Non-linear
c. Tree-based
d. Graph-based
Answer: c. Tree-basedgeeksforgeeks+2
What is the time complexity of inserting an element into a binary heap?
a. O(n)
b. O(1)
c. O(log n)
d. O(n log n)
Answer: c. O(log n)examveda+1
In a max-heap, which node contains the greatest key?
a. Leftmost leaf
b. Center node
c. Root node
d. Rightmost leaf
Answer: c. Root nodesanfoundry+1
Which operation restores heap property after root deletion?
a. Merge
b. Heapify
c. Search
d. Sort
Answer: b. Heapifytestbook+1
What is the time complexity of finding the minimum in a max-heap?
a. O(1)
b. O(log n)
c. O(n)
d. O(n log n)
Answer: c. O(n)geeksforgeeks
Which structure best represents a priority queue?
a. Array
b. Stack
c. Heap
d. Linked List
Answer: c. Heapbyjus+1
What is the height of a complete binary heap with n nodes?
a. O(n)
b. O(log n)
c. O(n log n)
d. O(1)
Answer: b. O(log n)sanfoundry+1
Which of the following is true for a min-heap?
a. Parent has a greater value than children
b. Children have greater value than parent
c. Root is the largest element
d. Root is the smallest element
Answer: d. Root is the smallest elementsanfoundry+1
What is the primary operation performed when adjusting a heap after insertion?
a. Heapify-up
b. Merge
c. Sort
d. Traverse
Answer: a. Heapify-uptestbook+2
In a binary heap, how is the parent node index calculated from a child node index (0-based)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Answer: c. sanfoundry+1
What is the time complexity of building a heap from an unsorted array?
a. O(n^2)
b. O(n log n)
c. O(n)
d. O(log n)
Answer: c. O(n)geeksforgeeks+1
Heap sort is based on which algorithmic paradigm?
a. Divide and conquer
b. Greedy
c. Dynamic programming
d. Backtracking
Answer: b. Greedytestbook+1
What is the worst-case time complexity for heap sort?
a. O(n^2)
b. O(n log n)
c. O(log n)
d. O(n)
Answer: b. O(n log n)sanfoundry+1
Which is faster for insertion: Heap or Sorted Array?
a. Heap
b. Sorted array
c. Both same
d. Depends on input
Answer: a. Heapdevinterview+1
Heap memory in machine learning is typically used for what?
a. Storing trained models
b. Temporary computations and dynamic allocation
c. Logging
d. Storing constants
Answer: b. Temporary computations and dynamic allocationgeeksforgeeks+1
Which heap is used to solve the ‘top-k’ problem in ML applications?
a. Min-heap
b. Max-heap
c. Both
d. Binary tree
Answer: a. Min-heaptryexponent+1
Stacks and heaps are examples of which type of memory allocation?
a. Static
b. Dynamic
c. Sequential
d. Direct
Answer: b. Dynamictestbook+1
In heap sort, what is the first step when sorting an array of elements?
a. Build array
b. Build heap
c. Traverse array
d. Search for min
Answer: b. Build heaptestbook+1
Which problem can be efficiently solved using heaps in ML?
a. K-nearest neighbors with priority queue
b. Linear regression
c. Feature scaling
d. Hyperparameter tuning
Answer: a. K-nearest neighbors with priority queuegeeksforgeeks+1
What is heapify?
a. Adding all elements to the heap
b. Rearranging tree to restore heap property
c. Traversal process
d. Sorting algorithm
Answer: b. Rearranging tree to restore heap propertytestbook+1
Which ML algorithm commonly uses heap for event simulation?
a. Logistic regression
b. Decision tree
c. Reinforcement learning
d. K-means clustering
Answer: c. Reinforcement learninggeeksforgeeks
What is the time complexity of deleting the root element in a heap?
a. O(n)
b. O(1)
c. O(log n)
d. O(n log n)
Answer: c. O(log n)examveda+2
Which of these is a property of heap memory?
a. Automatically deallocated
b. Manual allocation and deallocation
c. Fixed-size allocation
d. Only accessible to one thread
Answer: b. Manual allocation and deallocationgeeksforgeeks+1
Which programming construct stores ML model parameters in heap memory?
a. Local variables
b. Global constants
c. Class objects
d. Labels
Answer: c. Class objectstestbook+1
Fragmentation in heap memory is caused by what?
a. Sequential allocation
b. Manual allocation/deallocation
c. Automatic release
d. Random access
Answer: b. Manual allocation/deallocationtestbook
A heap is best described as:
a. Complete binary tree
b. Balanced binary search tree
c. Linked list
d. AVL tree
Answer: a. Complete binary treesanfoundry+2
What is the main role of heap in priority queue implementations?
a. Efficient retrieval of lowest priority
b. Efficient retrieval of highest priority
c. Maintaining sorted order
d. Indexing elements
Answer: b. Efficient retrieval of highest priorityexamveda+1
The space complexity of heap search is:
a. O(1)
b. O(log n)
c. O(n)
d. O(n log n)
Answer: c. O(n)sanfoundry
A heap can be implemented using which data representation?
a. Linked list
b. Hash map
c. Array
d. Tree set
Answer: c. Arraysanfoundry+2
The parent-child relationship in heap is:
a. Each parent ≥ children (max-heap)
b. Each parent ≤ children (min-heap)
c. Random
d. Both a and b
Answer: d. Both a and bstudy+2
Which is NOT a valid heap operation?
a. Insert
b. Delete
c. Heapify
d. Split
Answer: d. Splitgeeksforgeeks+1
The heap property ensures:
a. Sorted traversal
b. Extremal root value
c. Maximum branching
d. Minimum leaves
Answer: b. Extremal root valuegeeksforgeeks+1
Which memory region is more susceptible to leaks in ML code?
a. Stack
b. Heap
c. Registers
d. Static
Answer: b. Heapgeeksforgeeks+1
Which real ML function uses max-heap in streaming data?
a. Finding average value
b. Calculating mode
c. Finding k largest elements
d. Counting nulls
Answer: c. Finding k largest elementstryexponent+1
What is the relationship between heaps and trees?
a. Heaps are a type of tree
b. Heaps are a subset of trees
c. Heaps are unrelated
d. Trees are a type of heap
Answer: a. Heaps are a type of treestudy+2
The best scenario for using heap in ML is:
a. When efficient insert/retrieve of extreme values is needed
b. For numeric encoding
c. Text normalization
d. Loss computation
Answer: a. When efficient insert/retrieve of extreme values is neededgeeksforgeeks+1
Which operation is NOT supported by a heap?
a. Insert
b. Decrease key
c. Split heap
d. Extract min/max
Answer: c. Split heapsanfoundry+1
Why is heap allocation considered thread-unsafe?
a. Random allocation sequence
b. Global visibility
c. No memory boundaries
d. Only used in single thread
Answer: b. Global visibilitytestbook
In ML, heaps help improve efficiency by:
a. Reducing linear scans for minima/maxima
b. Increasing storage capacity
c. Minimizing regularization error
d. Code modularity
Answer: a. Reducing linear scans for minima/maximageeksforgeeks+1
The property maintained by binary heap is called:
a. Heap property
b. Order property
c. Sorting property
d. Search property
Answer: a. Heap propertysanfoundry+2
Heap sort outperforms bubble sort due to:
a. Lower average time complexity
b. Simpler code
c. Higher memory usage
d. Frequency of swaps
Answer: a. Lower average time complexitysanfoundry+1
Which ML operation benefits from heap-based merge in distributed training?
a. Gradient computation
b. Mini-batch assembly
c. Model averaging
d. Hyperparameter search
Answer: b. Mini-batch assemblytryexponent+1
Which feature is not observed in heap memory management?
a. Automatic garbage collection
b. Manual tracking of blocks
c. Flexibility in allocation size
d. Possibility of fragmentation
Answer: a. Automatic garbage collectiongeeksforgeeks+1
In ML, which heap can optimize disk-based retrieval operations?
a. Binary search tree
b. Min-heap
c. Graph
d. Sorted linked list
Answer: b. Min-heaptryexponent+1
What is the primary ML use-case for heap structures?
a. Priority scheduling
b. Data compression
c. Model inference
d. Feature normalization
Answer: a. Priority schedulingtryexponent+1
Which of these does NOT relate to heaps in ML?
a. Top-k query optimization
b. Sliding window minimums
c. Hashing
d. Event-driven simulation
Answer: c. Hashinggeeksforgeeks+1
In Python’s sklearn, which component internally uses heaps?
a. KNeighborsClassifier
b. Pipelines
c. DecisionTreeClassifier
d. GaussianNB
Answer: a. KNeighborsClassifiertryexponent
Which ML challenge is addressed by heaps when handling extreme outlier statistics?
a. Model overfitting
b. Fast retrieval of extremal values
c. Data normalization
d. Label encoding
Answer: b. Fast retrieval of extremal valuesgeeksforgeeks+1
Heap allocation is crucial for which ML training scenario?
a. Large dataset streaming
b. Cross-validation
c. Model visualization
d. Static feature lists
Answer: a. Large dataset streamingtestbook+1
Which heap method supports dynamic adjustment during ML optimization?
a. Heapify-up
b. Split heap
c. Flatten heap
d. Static traversal
Answer: a. Heapify-uptestbook+2

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