MCQs

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Overall MCQs for Reference

1. Which type of graph does the Bellman-Ford algorithm efficiently handle?
   a. Only unweighted graphs
   b. Weighted graphs without negative edges
   c. Weighted graphs with possible negative edges
   d. Unweighted graphs with negative cycles
   Answer: c. Weighted graphs with possible negative edgesgeeksforgeeks+2​
2. What is a major advantage of the Bellman-Ford algorithm over Dijkstra’s algorithm?
   a. Lower computational complexity
   b. Ability to handle negative edge weights
   c. Uses a priority queue for optimization
   d. Finds all-pair shortest paths
   Answer: b. Ability to handle negative edge weightswikipedia+1​
3. How does Bellman-Ford initialize the distances to all vertices?
   a. All distances set to 1
   b. Source vertex as 0 and others as infinity
   c. Random values
   d. Source vertex as infinity and others as 0
   Answer: b. Source vertex as 0 and others as infinitysimplilearn+1​
4. Bellman-Ford algorithm is based on which programming paradigm?
   a. Greedy algorithm
   b. Dynamic programming
   c. Divide and conquer
   d. Backtracking
   Answer: b. Dynamic programmingtestbook+1​
5. What is the time complexity of the Bellman-Ford algorithm?
   a. 
   b. 
   c. 
   d. 
   Answer: b.  scribd+1​
6. What process is repeatedly applied in Bellman-Ford to update shortest paths?
   a. Expansion
   b. Relaxation
   c. Reweighting
   d. Partitioning
   Answer: b. Relaxationmeegle+1​
7. How many iterations over all edges are required in Bellman-Ford for a graph with  vertices?
   a. 
   b. 
   c. 
   d. 
   Answer: b.  wikipedia+1​
8. The Bellman-Ford algorithm does NOT work correctly for graphs with:
   a. Positive cycles
   b. Negative weight cycles
   c. Zero weight edges
   d. Disconnected graphs
   Answer: b. Negative weight cyclesstanford+1​
9. What is detected in the final verification step after all relaxations in Bellman-Ford?
   a. Positive cycles
   b. Shortest paths
   c. Negative cycles
   d. Minimum spanning tree
   Answer: c. Negative cyclesmeegle+1​
10. Which data structure is commonly used for storing distances in Bellman-Ford?
    a. Stack
    b. Array
    c. Priority queue
    d. Hash map
    Answer: b. Arrayscribd​
11. What is the primary application of Bellman-Ford in network routing?
    a. Dynamic host configuration
    b. Distance-vector routing protocols
    c. Path compression in trees
    d. Packet fragmentation
    Answer: b. Distance-vector routing protocolsheycoach+1​
12. Which of the following is NOT a limitation of Bellman-Ford?
    a. Cannot handle negative edge weights
    b. High computational cost for large graphs
    c. Can detect negative cycles
    d. Memory usage for dense graphs
    Answer: a. Cannot handle negative edge weightsw3schools+1​
13. In which scenario is Bellman-Ford preferable to Dijkstra’s algorithm?
    a. All edge weights are positive
    b. All edge weights are zero
    c. Negative edge weights are present
    d. Graph is unweighted
    Answer: c. Negative edge weights are presentw3schools+1​
14. Which step ensures the shortest path estimates are correct in Bellman-Ford?
    a. Re-initialization
    b. V-1 iterations of relaxation
    c. Sorting edges by weight
    d. Using a priority queue
    Answer: b. V-1 iterations of relaxationsimplilearn+1​
15. What does the Bellman-Ford algorithm return if a negative weight cycle is found?
    a. True
    b. False
    c. Integer value
    d. String value
    Answer: b. Falsesanfoundry+1​
16. What is the output of the Bellman-Ford algorithm for each vertex?
    a. Number of shortest paths
    b. Shortest distance from the source
    c. All-pair distances
    d. Edge weights
    Answer: b. Shortest distance from the sourceshiksha+1​
17. Which principle underlies the Bellman-Ford algorithm?
    a. Principle of Greediness
    b. Principle of Relaxation
    c. Principle of Induction
    d. Principle of Exhaustion
    Answer: b. Principle of Relaxationtakeuforward+2​
18. When using Bellman-Ford, what does repeated edge relaxation ensure?
    a. Discovery of negative cycles
    b. Discovery of minimum spanning tree
    c. Discovery of all-pair shortest paths
    d. Randomization of distances
    Answer: a. Discovery of negative cyclesstanford+1​
19. What happens if the graph has a negative weight cycle accessible from the source?
    a. Algorithm runs normally
    b. Shortest path is accurately calculated
    c. Algorithm may produce incorrect results
    d. All distances are set to zero
    Answer: c. Algorithm may produce incorrect resultstestbook+1​
20. Bellman-Ford can solve which problem efficiently?
    a. Single-source shortest path
    b. All-pair shortest path
    c. Network flow
    d. Topological sorting
    Answer: a. Single-source shortest pathsanfoundry+1​
21. Which kind of graphs can Bellman-Ford NOT provide valid shortest paths for?
    a. Complete graphs
    b. Graphs with negative edge weights but no cycles
    c. Graphs with negative weight cycles
    d. Sparse graphs
    Answer: c. Graphs with negative weight cyclesmeegle+1​
22. Why Bellman-Ford is considered simple to implement?
    a. It uses recursion
    b. It uses iterative updates for all edges
    c. It sorts vertices by distance
    d. It avoids dynamic programming
    Answer: b. It uses iterative updates for all edgessimplilearn+1​
23. What is a direct consequence of encountering a negative cycle in Bellman-Ford?
    a. Shortest path gets longer
    b. Infinite shortest path values
    c. Optimized cycle detection
    d. All cycles are removed
    Answer: b. Infinite shortest path valuesstanford+1​
24. How does Bellman-Ford improve accuracy of shortest path estimation?
    a. By always taking all outgoing edges
    b. By relaxing estimates multiple times
    c. By using a greedy approach
    d. By memoizing previous paths
    Answer: b. By relaxing estimates multiple timeswikipedia+1​
25. What is a common application of Bellman-Ford outside of networking?
    a. Cryptography
    b. Financial modeling for arbitrage detection
    c. Video compression
    d. Sorting algorithms
    Answer: b. Financial modeling for arbitrage detectionmeegle​
26. Which is a key challenge in Bellman-Ford development for large-scale graphs?
    a. Managing recursion depth
    b. Handling high computational cost
    c. Ensuring edge ordering
    d. Avoiding hashing errors
    Answer: b. Handling high computational costijraset+1​
27. Bellman-Ford uses which approach for its solution-building?
    a. Top-down dynamic programming
    b. Bottom-up dynamic programming
    c. Concentrated recursion
    d. Random sampling
    Answer: b. Bottom-up dynamic programmingshiksha​
28. Bellman-Ford can find shortest paths in which types of graphs?
    a. Only directed graphs
    b. Directed graphs with negative edge weights
    c. Unweighted undirected graphs
    d. Trees only
    Answer: b. Directed graphs with negative edge weightsw3schools+1​
29. What is an essential utility of Bellman-Ford in game development?
    a. Sorting inventory items
    b. Pathfinding and AI decision-making
    c. Rendering graphics
    d. Decrypting network packets
    Answer: b. Pathfinding and AI decision-makingmeegle​
30. What is the primary goal of the relaxation step in Bellman-Ford?
    a. Discard long paths
    b. Update distance estimates if shorter paths are found
    c. Increase all edge weights
    d. Remove negative weights
    Answer: b. Update distance estimates if shorter paths are foundsimplilearn+2​
31. Which metric does Bellman-Ford minimize in network routing?
    a. Hop count
    b. Path latency
    c. Packet size
    d. Number of routers
    Answer: b. Path latencyijraset+1​
32. What technique do hybrid algorithms use for Bellman-Ford in machine learning?
    a. Always choose Bellman-Ford
    b. Use ML to select between Dijkstra’s or Bellman-Ford
    c. Convert graph to tree
    d. Use only positive edge weights
    Answer: b. Use ML to select between Dijkstra’s or Bellman-Fordijraset​
33. After relaxing all edges  times, what additional step is performed in Bellman-Ford?
    a. Sorting by weight
    b. Cycle detection for negative weights
    c. Heap construction
    d. Edge contraction
    Answer: b. Cycle detection for negative weightsstanford+1​
34. Bellman-Ford’s space complexity is mainly determined by?
    a. Number of vertices and edges
    b. Number of edges only
    c. Depth of recursion
    d. Cache size
    Answer: a. Number of vertices and edgeswikipedia+1​
35. Which concept is illustrated by Bellman-Ford handling overlapping sub-problems?
    a. Memoization
    b. Greediness
    c. Backtracking
    d. Pruning
    Answer: a. Memoizationshiksha+1​
36. What happens during each pass over the graph’s edges in Bellman-Ford?
    a. All edge weights are increased
    b. Distances may be updated for reachable vertices
    c. Cycles are deleted
    d. Graph is bipartite checked
    Answer: b. Distances may be updated for reachable verticessimplilearn+1​
37. Bellman-Ford’s negative cycle detection is critical because:
    a. Cycles optimize distance estimates
    b. Negative cycles invalidate shortest path results
    c. Cycles guarantee shortest paths
    d. Negative cycles must be included in shortest paths
    Answer: b. Negative cycles invalidate shortest path resultsstanford+1​
38. Which edge case can cause incorrect Bellman-Ford output?
    a. Zero-weight edges
    b. Disconnected graphs
    c. Negative weight cycles
    d. Undirected graphs
    Answer: c. Negative weight cyclestestbook+1​
39. Bellman-Ford is unsuitable for which graph size?
    a. Small graphs only
    b. Moderate graphs
    c. Large dense graphs
    d. Sparse graphs
    Answer: c. Large dense graphsijraset+1​
40. What structure is updated in each iteration of Bellman-Ford?
    a. Parent pointers
    b. Distance array
    c. Edge list
    d. Adjacency matrix
    Answer: b. Distance arraywikipedia+1​
41. What does Bellman-Ford guarantee if no negative cycle exists?
    a. No paths are possible
    b. All shortest distances are finalized
    c. Cycles are present in the graph
    d. Some distances remain infinite
    Answer: b. All shortest distances are finalizedstanford+1​
42. Bellman-Ford’s methodology makes it scalable for what type of networks?
    a. Stable network traffic with positive weights
    b. Dynamic networks with negative weights
    c. Networks without hops
    d. Star topology only
    Answer: b. Dynamic networks with negative weightsijraset+1​
43. In context of machine learning, hybrid routing with Bellman-Ford achieves:
    a. Fixed routing tables
    b. Adaptive path selection using predictive models
    c. Ignorance of negative weights
    d. Manual path selection
    Answer: b. Adaptive path selection using predictive modelsijraset​
44. What property allows Bellman-Ford to be effective in dynamic environments?
    a. Periodic recomputation with relaxation
    b. Static distance estimation
    c. Always shortest path selection first
    d. Ignoring edge direction
    Answer: a. Periodic recomputation with relaxationmeegle+1​
45. What makes Bellman-Ford useful in GPS navigation systems?
    a. Finding minimum spanning tree
    b. Handling negative traffic weights like road closures
    c. Maximum flow calculations
    d. Vertex coloring
    Answer: b. Handling negative traffic weights like road closuresheycoach+1​
46. Which protocol directly uses Bellman-Ford for routing decisions?
    a. OSPF
    b. BGP
    c. RIP
    d. EIGRP
    Answer: c. RIPw3schools+1​
47. Bellman-Ford’s main computational overhead is due to:
    a. Number of relaxation steps over all edges
    b. Recursion depth
    c. Hash table lookups
    d. Sorting required before updates
    Answer: a. Number of relaxation steps over all edgeswikipedia+2​
48. What is the result of running Bellman-Ford on a graph with all positive weights?
    a. Always optimal paths
    b. Suboptimal path selection
    c. Infinite loops
    d. Detection of negative cycles
    Answer: a. Always optimal pathsijraset+1​
49. In machine learning applications, Bellman-Ford can be combined with:
    a. Random forests for regression
    b. Dijkstra’s algorithm for hybrid routing
    c. Decision trees for shortest path selection
    d. K-means clustering for grouping nodes
    Answer: b. Dijkstra’s algorithm for hybrid routingijraset​
50. Which scenario will cause Bellman-Ford to fail to find valid shortest paths?
    a. There are only positive edges
    b. Disconnected subgraphs
    c. The graph has a reachable negative weight cycle
    d. Edges are bidirectional
    Answer: c. The graph has a reachable negative weight cycletestbook+1​

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20. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtN3BYH2Zes