MCQs

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Overall MCQs for Reference

1. Which of the following problems cannot be solved by the backtracking method?
   a. n-Queen problem
   b. Subset sum problem
   c. Hamiltonian circuit problem
   d. Travelling salesman problem
   Answer: d. Travelling salesman problemsanfoundry​
2. Backtracking algorithms are implemented by constructing a tree of choices known as:
   a. State-space tree
   b. State-chart tree
   c. Node tree
   d. Backtracking tree
   Answer: a. State-space treesanfoundry​
3. When a backtracking algorithm reaches a complete solution, it:
   a. Backtracks to the root
   b. Continues searching for other solutions
   c. Traverses from a different route
   d. Recursively traverses through the same route
   Answer: b. Continues searching for other solutionssanfoundry​
4. Which main data structure is most commonly used when implementing backtracking by recursion?
   a. Queue
   b. Stack
   c. Heap
   d. Array
   Answer: b. Stackneocode​
5. In the n-Queens problem, how are queens placed according to the backtracking approach?
   a. No two queens on the same row
   b. No two queens on the same row or diagonal
   c. Only one queen on a row
   d. Every square must have a queen
   Answer: b. No two queens on the same row or diagonalneocode​
6. Backtracking is mainly used for solving:
   a. Search problems
   b. Constraint satisfaction problems
   c. Sorting problems
   d. Hashing problems
   Answer: b. Constraint satisfaction problemsneocode​
7. The principle behind backtracking is:
   a. Division and Conquer
   b. Greedy choice
   c. Trial and error
   d. Reduce and conquer
   Answer: c. Trial and errortestbook​
8. Which is not a direct application of backtracking?
   a. Sudoku solver
   b. Subset sum
   c. Calculating Fibonacci sequence
   d. N-Queens problem
   Answer: c. Calculating Fibonacci sequenceprogramiz​
9. The backtracking approach is best utilized for:
   a. Linear search
   b. Optimization problems with constraints
   c. Unconstrained optimization
   d. Data compression
   Answer: b. Optimization problems with constraintsintellipaat+1​
10. Which of these is NOT a feature of backtracking?
    a. Checks all possible candidates
    b. Discards invalid candidates
    c. Never revisits previous states
    d. Can explore multiple solutions
    Answer: c. Never revisits previous statesgeeksforgeeks+1​
11. Which of the following is solved using backtracking?
    a. Quick sort
    b. Hamiltonian path
    c. Binary search
    d. Bubble sort
    Answer: b. Hamiltonian pathprogramiz​
12. What does the state-space tree represent in backtracking?
    a. Execute order
    b. Tree of all possible states
    c. Sorting list
    d. Error handling
    Answer: b. Tree of all possible statesprogramiz+1​
13. What happens when a solution path fails in backtracking?
    a. Algorithm terminates
    b. It explores the next possible option
    c. It continues anyway
    d. It sorts solutions
    Answer: b. It explores the next possible optionneocode​
14. Backtracking algorithms build up candidate solutions:
    a. Greedily
    b. Randomly
    c. Incrementally
    d. All at once
    Answer: c. Incrementallygeeksforgeeks+1​
15. Which problem is unsuitable for a backtracking approach?
    a. Job sequencing
    b. Maze solving
    c. Travelling salesman problem
    d. Sudoku
    Answer: c. Travelling salesman problemsanfoundry​
16. The N-Queens problem ensures which constraint is always satisfied?
    a. Symmetry
    b. No two queens threaten each other
    c. Each queen in different colors
    d. Each row has more than one queen
    Answer: b. No two queens threaten each othersimplilearn+1​
17. In backtracking, when is a candidate ‘pruned’?
    a. It is a valid solution
    b. It is found at the start
    c. It cannot lead to a solution
    d. Always
    Answer: c. It cannot lead to a solutionneocode​
18. Which type of search is used in a state-space tree for backtracking?
    a. Breadth-first
    b. Depth-first
    c. Level-order
    d. Random
    Answer: b. Depth-firststudyglance​
19. The backtracking paradigm can be considered a type of:
    a. Brute-force algorithm
    b. Divide and conquer
    c. Greedy algorithm
    d. Dynamic programming
    Answer: a. Brute-force algorithmsimplilearn+1​
20. A backtracking algorithm explores all possibilities for a solution and:
    a. Returns immediately
    b. Discards only the first invalid candidate
    c. Backtracks when an option fails
    d. Loops endlessly
    Answer: c. Backtracks when an option failsintellipaat+1​
21. Which is a famous AI problem often solved with backtracking?
    a. Sorting integers
    b. Sudoku
    c. Binary search
    d. Insertion sort
    Answer: b. Sudokudatascientest+1​
22. In relation to graph theory, what can backtracking find?
    a. Only minimum spanning trees
    b. All Hamiltonian paths
    c. Only shortest paths
    d. Vertex covers
    Answer: b. All Hamiltonian pathsprogramiz​
23. What is the drawback of backtracking for large search spaces?
    a. High speed
    b. Limited memory
    c. Exponential time complexity
    d. No known drawbacks
    Answer: c. Exponential time complexitydatascientest​
24. What kind of problem is best for the backtracking approach?
    a. Single solution
    b. Infinite solution
    c. Multiple constrained solutions
    d. Only sorted data
    Answer: c. Multiple constrained solutionsintellipaat+1​
25. In the context of machine learning, backtracking may assist with:
    a. Supervised learning
    b. Building interpretable constraint-based models
    c. Data normalization
    d. Regression analysis
    Answer: b. Building interpretable constraint-based modelsgeeksforgeeks​
26. Which programming language easily supports recursive backtracking?
    a. Assembly
    b. C/C++
    c. HTML
    d. SQL
    Answer: b. C/C++geeksforgeeks+1​
27. What is a necessary part of implementing a backtracking solution?
    a. Loop unrolling
    b. Memoization
    c. Explicit stack or call stack
    d. Dynamic allocation
    Answer: c. Explicit stack or call stackneocode​
28. Which puzzle is NOT commonly solved by backtracking?
    a. Crossword
    b. Maze
    c. Merge sort
    d. Knights tour
    Answer: c. Merge sortprogramiz​
29. The backtracking strategy works best if:
    a. There are no constraints
    b. Problems are highly structured
    c. Candidates can be quickly rejected
    d. Solutions are always found at the start
    Answer: c. Candidates can be quickly rejectedintellipaat+1​
30. In backtracking, a solution is found by:
    a. Always making local optimal choices
    b. Discarding invalid paths and backtracking
    c. Taking random steps
    d. Using reinforcement learning
    Answer: b. Discarding invalid paths and backtrackinggeeksforgeeks​
31. What makes backtracking inefficient in some cases?
    a. Too many constraints
    b. Combinatorial explosion
    c. Recursion depth is low
    d. Problems are too simple
    Answer: b. Combinatorial explosiondatascientest​
32. Which feature is essential for pruning in backtracking?
    a. Hash functions
    b. Constraint checks
    c. Linked lists
    d. Neural networks
    Answer: b. Constraint checksintellipaat+1​
33. A typical use of backtracking in AI applications includes:
    a. Regression tasks
    b. Logic puzzle solving
    c. Clustering
    d. Sorting
    Answer: b. Logic puzzle solvingdatascientest+1​
34. Which technique is often combined with backtracking for optimizations?
    a. Bit masking
    b. Branch and bound
    c. Data mining
    d. Caching
    Answer: b. Branch and boundsanfoundry​
35. What distinguishes backtracking from brute-force approaches?
    a. Random checks
    b. Early abandonment of infeasible options
    c. Never examines constraints
    d. Always linear time
    Answer: b. Early abandonment of infeasible optionsgeeksforgeeks+1​
36. What type of recursion is used in backtracking?
    a. Linear recursion
    b. Mutual recursion
    c. Tree recursion
    d. Tail recursion
    Answer: c. Tree recursionsimplilearn+1​
37. Which characteristic of a problem signals that backtracking is not effective?
    a. Constraints allow for early pruning
    b. Solution space is very large with few constraints
    c. There are cycles in input
    d. Input is always sorted
    Answer: b. Solution space is very large with few constraintsdatascientest​
38. The term “backtracking” literally refers to:
    a. Jumping to random solutions
    b. Exploring in reverse
    c. Returning to the previous state
    d. Forward simulation
    Answer: c. Returning to the previous stateintellipaat​
39. Backtracking can generate:
    a. Only one solution
    b. All possible solutions
    c. Only optimal solutions
    d. No solutions
    Answer: b. All possible solutionsgeeksforgeeks​
40. For which of the following is backtracking inefficient?
    a. Small puzzle problems
    b. Shortest path in graphs
    c. Highly constrained problems
    d. Problems with exponential solution spaces
    Answer: d. Problems with exponential solution spacesdatascientest​
41. What is the first step in any backtracking algorithm?
    a. Check if the current state is a solution
    b. Explore all neighbors
    c. Sort candidates
    d. Prune solution space
    Answer: a. Check if the current state is a solutionsimplilearn​
42. In backtracking, what does “pruning” mean?
    a. Skipping duplicate values
    b. Avoiding computation of invalid branches
    c. Limiting recursion depth
    d. Returning arbitrary results
    Answer: b. Avoiding computation of invalid branchesintellipaat+1​
43. Which chess problem is standard for demonstrating backtracking?
    a. King’s escape
    b. Knights tour
    c. Queen’s gambit
    d. Rook exchange
    Answer: b. Knights toursimplilearn+1​
44. What advantage does backtracking offer compared to pure brute-force?
    a. Always faster
    b. Prunes infeasible paths
    c. No recursion needed
    d. Only checks sorted lists
    Answer: b. Prunes infeasible pathsgeeksforgeeks​
45. How does backtracking handle partial solutions?
    a. Expands until constraint is broken
    b. Only completes solutions
    c. Ignores them completely
    d. Restarts for every candidate
    Answer: a. Expands until constraint is brokengeeksforgeeks​
46. The core mechanism for “restoring” a previous state in backtracking is:
    a. Memoization
    b. Undoing the last action
    c. Caching results
    d. Forward-only transitions
    Answer: b. Undoing the last actionintellipaat​
47. In what type of tasks is backtracking often used in ML or data science?
    a. Feature engineering
    b. Model hyperparameter tuning
    c. Search-based model selection with constraints
    d. Image normalization
    Answer: c. Search-based model selection with constraintsgeeksforgeeks​
48. What is the worst-case time complexity for a standard backtracking solution?
    a. O(log n)
    b. O(n)
    c. O(2^n)
    d. O(1)
    Answer: c. O(2^n)datascientest​
49. In which situation should backtracking not be chosen?
    a. Constraint checks are expensive
    b. Very few constraints, very large search space
    c. When recursion depth is manageable
    d. When infeasible paths are rare
    Answer: b. Very few constraints, very large search spacedatascientest​
50. Which of the following is true regarding backtracking and machine learning model search?
    a. Finds only first available model
    b. Can try all hyperparameter combinations with constraints
    c. Never checks for overfitting
    d. Ignores solution validity
    Answer: b. Can try all hyperparameter combinations with constraintsintellipaat+1​

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2. https://neocode.in/daa/mcq_backtracking.php
3. https://testbook.com/question-answer/the-backtracking-approach-is-based-on-which-princi–68468f0421a06d0f5cbf42c1
4. https://www.programiz.com/dsa/backtracking-algorithm
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8. https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/data-structure-tutorial/backtracking-algorithm
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12. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/data_structures_algorithms/dsa_backtracking_algorithm.htm
13. https://www.baeldung.com/cs/backtracking-algorithms
14. https://www.scribd.com/document/552592150/daa-mcq
15. https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/
16. https://testbook.com/question-answer/which-of-the-following-is-nota-backtracking–6846a5f002bca3ac40d84895
17. https://www.ccbp.in/blog/articles/backtracking-in-daa
18. https://interviewkickstart.com/blogs/interview-questions/algorithm-design-analysis-mcqs
19. https://studyglance.in/objquestions/display.php?url=btech%2Fdaa-unit-5.txt&title=Design+and+Analysis+of+Algorithms++MCQs+-+Unit-5&subject=DAA&furl=data%2Fbtech%2Fbtechobjquestions.xlsx
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